危險(xian)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)上(shang)千種,按其危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質,交通運輸(shu)及公(gong)安消(xiao)防部門規定分為十大(da)類,即爆(bao)炸性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)、氧化劑、壓縮氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)和液化氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)、自燃(ran)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)、遇(yu)水燃(ran)燒物(wu)品(pin)(pin)、易(yi)燃(ran)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)、易(yi)燃(ran)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)、毒害品(pin)(pin)、腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)、放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)等(deng),有(you)(you)些物(wu)品(pin)(pin)同時具有(you)(you)兩(liang)種以(yi)上(shang)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能.
對有毒商品(pin)(pin)的包(bao)裝要明顯地標明有毒的標志.防(fang)毒的主要措施是包(bao)裝嚴(yan)密不漏、不透(tou)氣.例如重鉻酸鉀(紅礬鉀)和重鉻酸鈉(na)、紅礬鈉(na),為紅色(se)帶透(tou)明結晶(jing),有毒,應用(yong)堅(jian)固附桶包(bao)裝,桶口要嚴(yan)密不漏,制桶的鐵(tie)板厚度不能小(xiao)于1.2毫米.對有機農藥(yao)一類的商品(pin)(pin),應裝入(ru)瀝青麻(ma)袋(dai),縫口嚴(yan)密不漏.如用(yong)塑(su)料袋(dai)或瀝青紙袋(dai)包(bao)裝的,外(wai)面應再用(yong)麻(ma)袋(dai)或布袋(dai)包(bao)裝.用(yong)作殺鼠劑的磷化鋅有劇毒,應用(yong)塑(su)料袋(dai)嚴(yan)封后再裝人木(mu)箱(xiang)中,箱(xiang)內用(yong)兩層牛皮紙、防(fang)潮紙或塑(su)料薄(bo)膜襯墊,使(shi)其與(yu)外(wai)界(jie)隔絕.
對有腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin)(pin),要(yao)注意商(shang)品(pin)(pin)和包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)材質發生化(hua)學變(bian)化(hua).金屬類的(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),要(yao)在容(rong)(rong)器(qi)壁(bi)涂(tu)上涂(tu)料(liao),防(fang)(fang)止腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性商(shang)品(pin)(pin)對容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi).例如包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)合成(cheng)脂肪(fang)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)鐵桶(tong)(tong)內壁(bi)要(yao)涂(tu)有耐酸(suan)保護層,防(fang)(fang)止鐵桶(tong)(tong)被商(shang)品(pin)(pin)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi),從而(er)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)也(ye)隨之變(bian)質.再如氫氟酸(suan)是無機(ji)酸(suan)性腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)物品(pin)(pin),有劇毒,能腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)玻璃(li),不能用玻璃(li)瓶作包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),應(ying)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入金屬桶(tong)(tong)或(huo)塑料(liao)桶(tong)(tong),然而(er)再裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入木(mu)箱(xiang).甲(jia)酸(suan)易揮(hui)發,其(qi)氣(qi)體(ti)有腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性,應(ying)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)人良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)耐酸(suan)壇、玻璃(li)瓶或(huo)塑料(liao)桶(tong)(tong)中(zhong),嚴密封口,再裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入堅固的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)箱(xiang)或(huo)金屬桶(tong)(tong)中(zhong).
對(dui)黃磷等易(yi)自燃(ran)(ran)商品的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang),宜將(jiang)其(qi)裝(zhuang)入壁厚不少于1毫米的(de)鐵桶(tong)(tong)中,捅內(nei)壁須涂耐(nai)酸(suan)保護層,桶(tong)(tong)內(nei)盛水,并使水面(mian)浸沒商品,桶(tong)(tong)口嚴密封閉,每桶(tong)(tong)凈(jing)重不超過(guo)50公斤.再如通水弓(gong)[起燃(ran)(ran)燒的(de)物品如碳化鈣(gai),遇水即分解并產生易(yi)燃(ran)(ran)乙炔氣(qi),對(dui)其(qi)應用(yong)堅固的(de)鐵桶(tong)(tong)包(bao)裝(zhuang),桶(tong)(tong)內(nei)充入氮氣(qi).如果桶(tong)(tong)內(nei)不充氮氣(qi),則應裝(zhuang)置(zhi)放(fang)氣(qi)活塞(sai).
對于(yu)易燃、易爆(bao)商品(pin),例如有強(qiang)烈氧化性的(de),遇有微量不純物
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